语言经济学的成长

语言经济学作为一门学科已经发展起来,语言经济学所要研究的问题、采取的方法、研究现状、研究方向却为人们所漠视。本文把语言经济学的发展历程分为四代进行综述,阐述语言经济学每一代所研究的问题以及各代之间的联系;最后讨论了语言经济学的研究是否能具有统一的范式和可操作的技术路线,以使这门学科的学术研究具有更强的规范性。无论怎样,语言的重要性和经济学方法的灵活性将会使语言经济学迅速发展。     

How do economic,cultural, and global-connectedness distances moderate the effect of customers’ experiences on their intention to revisit non-indigenous restaurants? Evidence from Korean restaurants

In this study, we evaluate how the effect of customers' experiences on revisit intention for non-indigenous restaurants can be moderated by economic distance (ED), cultural distance (CD) and global-connectedness distance (GD) between the country of origin for a given non-indigenous restaurant and the customer’s resident country. Surveys were conducted in seven countries across three continents, and the levels of ED, CD and GD between Korea and the seven countries were used as moderators. The findings suggest that the types of food and staff are two elements that should be emphasized in countries that are relatively close to Korea. Conversely, elements like the atmosphere of the restaurant and word of mouth should be emphasized in countries that have greater distances from Korea. Of the three distances considered in the study, GD had the strongest moderating effect on the relationship between customers’ experiences and their intentions to return to the restaurant. As a whole, the results imply that ED, CD and GD are important points of reference when considering prior experience while selecting a target country based on the strength of the restaurant’s experience management.     

基于遗传算法的升余弦形成滤波器优化设计

采用实数码遗传算法对升余弦形成滤波器进行了优化设计，克服和标准遗传算法效率低和未成熟收敛及确定性优化方法易收敛于局部极值点的缺点，实例设计结果表明该方法十分有效。     

Cross‐sectional Tests of Conditional Asset Pricing Models: Evidence from the German Stock Market

We study the performance of conditional asset pricing models and multifactor models in explaining the German cross‐section of stock returns. We focus on several variables, which (according to previous research) are associated with market expectations on future market excess returns or business cycle conditions. Our results suggest that the empirical performance of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can be improved when allowing for time‐varying parameters of the stochastic discount factor. A conditional CAPM using the term spread explains the returns on our size and book‐to‐market sorted portfolios about as well as the Fama‐French three‐factor model and performs best in terms of the Hansen‐Jagannathan distance. Structural break tests do not necessarily indicate parameter instability of conditional model specifications. Another major finding of the paper is that the Fama‐French model – despite its generally good cross‐sectional performance – is subject to model instability. Unconditional models, however, do a better job than conditional ones at capturing time‐series predictability of the test portfolio returns.     

An extension of the multi-output state-contingent production model

This paper presents new developments on the state-contingent theory of production under uncertainty with stochastic prices. Our main purpose is to generalize the usual finite discrete state-contingent production model to infinite dimensional, possibly uncountable spaces which look like a more realistic framework. Usual duality results are established in this general context, shedding some light on the links between risk-neutral probabilities and shadow prices. A direct generalized production risk premium is defined and is shown to be independent of the inputs level when the technology is output translation homothetic. In such a case, the technology exhibits constant absolute riskiness. We thank Bob Chambers for his helpful comments.     

文化距离对我国企业国际化空间导向的影响——以纺织企业为例

既有的研究表明，文化距离是企业国际化过程中的重要因素。本文以我国纺织企业为例，对文化距离与我国企业国际化空间导向的相关性进行了度量。研究结论是，文化距离是我国企业国际化空间导向的重要维度，但由于我国企业有其自身的特点，因而影响方式和程度与其他国家有所区别。     

区域经济发展差距:新经济地理、要素流动与经济政策

改革开放后,中国区域经济发展差距主要表现为区域间差距的扩大,而非区域内部差距的扩大。这一现象的发生是多方面原因共同作用的结果:在新经济地理因素的影响下,具有区位优势的东部沿海地区吸引了中西部地区大量的生产要素进行跨区域流动,加上中央政府的政策导向作用,使得中国经济发展差距呈现出逐步扩大的趋势。因此,中央政府应该采取有力措施,以便在全国形成合理的区域分工,进而达到缩小区域经济发展差距的目标。     

张家界国家森林公园客源市场的空间特征与潜力研究

旅游客源市场的空间特征是旅游地理学研究的重要内容。从数量上度量旅游需求随客源地的空间分布变化，能指导旅游目的地的旅游规划和经营决策。以张家界国家森林公园为例，运用GIS对其国内客源市场进行了空间分析，利用距离累计曲线分析影响其客源分布的因素；最后在引力模型的基础上建立旅游客流空间潜力模型。研究结果表明，张家界国家森林公园的客源市场分布与我国目前经济发展中珠三角、长三角、环渤海三足鼎立的格局保持一致；在此基础上，提出应在保护资源的前提下实现市场优化以达到可持续发展的对策。     

不良贷款约束下的中国银行业效率——基于方向性距离函数的实证分析

运用方向性距离函数方法测度中国银行业2000～2006年包含不良贷款的技术效率及规模效率得出,在平均意义上,考虑不良贷款后,国有和股份制银行在生产前沿上的数目增多,中国银行业的效率水平提高并且效率值变化近似于V字型;在最大化减少不良贷款和投入同时增加好产出时得到的效率值较高;中国银行业处于规模报酬递减区域,但从长远看,规模效率有上升的趋势。     

Performance of French intensive care units: A directional distance function approach at the patient level

By using a novel adaptation of the free-disposable hull analysis of productivity, we assess the medical and technical efficiency of patient care in 25 Parisian intensive care units (ICUs) during 2000. The robust free disposable hull (RFDH) as defined by [Cazals et al., 2002. Nonparametric frontier estimation: a robust approach. Journal of Econometrics 106, 1–25] reduces the impact outliers may have on findings by employing Monte-Carlo techniques and repeated sample selection. Among our key findings, there was no overall significant correlation between medical and technical efficiencies for all the ICUs, therefore performing well in one does not guarantee good performance in the other. We also found that over 80% of inefficiency is concentrated in less than 20% of the sampled patients.